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Skrovankova, S. Misurcova, L. and Machu, L. Antioxidant activity and protecting health effects of common medicinal plants. Adv.Food Nutr Res 2012;67:75-139. View abstract.

Sokmen, M. Serkedjieva, J. Daferera, D. Gulluce, M. Polissiou, M. Tepe, B. Akpulat, H. A. Sahin, F. and Sokmen, A. In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from herbal parts and callus cultures of Origanum acutidens. J Agric.Food Chem. 6-2-2004;52(11):3309-3312. View abstract.

Sokovic, M. Tzakou, O. Pitarokili, D. and Couladis, M. Antifungal activities of selected aromatic plants growing wild in Greece. Nahrung 2002;46(5):317-320. View abstract.

Souleles, C. Volatile Constituents of Origanum dubium Leaves and Stem-Bark. Planta Med 1991;57(1):77-78. View abstract.

Soylu, E. M. Soylu, S. and Kurt, S. Antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of various plants against tomato late blight disease agent Phytophthora infestans. Mycopathologia 2006;161(2):119-128. View abstract.

Soylu, S. Yigitbas, H. Soylu, E. M. and Kurt, S. Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Appl.Microbiol. 2007;103(4):1021-1030. View abstract.

Srihari, T. Balasubramaniyan, V. and Nalini, N. Role of oregano on bacterial enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Can.J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;86(10):667-674. View abstract.

Srihari, T. Sengottuvelan, M. and Nalini, N. Dose-dependent effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. J Pharm.Pharmacol 2008;60(6):787-794. View abstract.

Stashenko, E. E. Puertas, M. A. and Martinez, J. R. SPME determination of volatile aldehydes for evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant activity. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 2002;373(1-2):70-74. View abstract.

Stevens, J. Crawford, M. Robinson, G. and Roenneburg, L. Automated post-collection concentration for purified preparative fractions via solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr.A 2-16-2007;1142(1):81-83. View abstract.

Takeda, Y. Tomonari, M. Arimoto, S. Masuda, T. Otsuka, H. Matsunami, K. Honda, G. Ito, M. Takaishi, Y. Kiuchi, F. Khodzhimatov, O. K. and Ashurmetov, O. A. A new phenolic glucoside from an Uzbek medicinal plant, Origanum tyttanthum. J Nat.Med 2008;62(1):71-74. View abstract.

Talpur, N. Echard, B. Ingram, C. Bagchi, D. and Preuss, H. Effects of a novel formulation of essential oils on glucose-insulin metabolism in diabetic and hypertensive rats: a pilot study. Diabetes Obes.Metab 2005;7(2):193-199. View abstract.

Tampieri, M. P. Galuppi, R. Macchioni, F. Carelle, M. S. Falcioni, L. Cioni, P. L. and Morelli, I. The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components. Mycopathologia 2005;159(3):339-345. View abstract.

Tantaoui-Elaraki, A. and Beraoud, L. Inhibition of growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus parasiticus by essential oils of selected plant materials. J Environ.Pathol.Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(1):67-72. View abstract.

Tian, H. and Lai, D. M. [Analysis on the volatile oil in Origanum vulgare]. Zhong.Yao Cai. 2006;29(9):920-921. View abstract.

Tognolini, M. Barocelli, E. Ballabeni, V. Bruni, R. Bianchi, A. Chiavarini, M. and Impicciatore, M. Comparative screening of plant essential oils: phenylpropanoid moiety as basic core for antiplatelet activity. Life Sci. 2-23-2006;78(13):1419-1432. View abstract.

Traboulsi, A. F. Taoubi, K. el Haj, S. Bessiere, J. M. and Rammal, S. Insecticidal properties of essential plant oils against the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pest.Manag.Sci. 2002;58(5):491-495. View abstract.

Tsai, P. J. Tsai, T. H. Yu, C. H. and Ho, S. C. Evaluation of NO-suppressing activity of several Mediterranean culinary spices. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2007;45(3):440-447. View abstract.

Tsigarida, E. Skandamis, P. and Nychas, G. J. Behaviour of Listeria monocytogenes and autochthonous flora on meat stored under aerobic, vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging conditions with or without the presence of oregano essential oil at 5 degrees C. J Appl.Microbiol. 2000;89(6):901-909. View abstract.

Tsimogiannis, D. Samiotaki, M. Panayotou, G. and Oreopoulou, V. Characterization of flavonoid subgroups and hydroxy substitution by HPLC-MS/MS. Molecules. 2007;12(3):593-606. View abstract.

Turgis, M. Borsa, J. Millette, M. Salmieri, S. and Lacroix, M. Effect of selected plant essential oils or their constituents and modified atmosphere packaging on the radiosensitivity of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhi in ground beef. J Food Prot. 2008;71(3):516-521. View abstract.

Ultee, A. Kets, E. P. Alberda, M. Hoekstra, F. A. and Smid, E. J. Adaptation of the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus to carvacrol. Arch.Microbiol. 2000;174(4):233-238. View abstract.

Ultee, A. Slump, R. A. Steging, G. and Smid, E. J. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol toward Bacillus cereus on rice. J Food Prot. 2000;63(5):620-624. View abstract.

Uyanoglu, M. Canbek, M. Aral, E. and Husnu Can, Baser K. Effects of carvacrol upon the liver of rats undergoing partial hepatectomy. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(3):226-229. View abstract.

Valentini, G. Arnold, N. Bellomaria, B. and Arnold, H. J. Study of the anatomy and of the essential oil of Origanum cordifolium, an endemic of Cyprus. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;35(2):115-122. View abstract.

Valero, M. and Salmeron, M. C. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. Int.J Food Microbiol. 8-15-2003;85(1-2):73-81. View abstract.

Van Den Broucke, C. O. and Lemli, J. A. Antispasmodic activity of Origanum compactum. Part 2: Antagonistic effect of thymol and carvacrol. Planta Med 1982;45(3):188-190. View abstract.

Van Den Broucke, C. O. and Lemli, J. A. Antispasmodic activity of Origanum compactum. Planta Med 1980;38(4):317-331. View abstract.

Van Den Broucke, C. O. and Lemli, J. A. Antispasmodic Activity of Origanum compactum. Planta Med 1982;45(7):188-190. View abstract.

Veldhuizen, E. J. Creutzberg, T. O. Burt, S. A. and Haagsman, H. P. Low temperature and binding to food components inhibit the antibacterial activity of carvacrol against Listeria monocytogenes in steak tartare. J Food Prot. 2007;70(9):2127-2132. View abstract.

Velluti, A. Sanchis, V. Ramos, A. J. Egido, J. and Marin, S. Inhibitory effect of cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano and palmarose essential oils on growth and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium proliferatum in maize grain. Int J Food Microbiol. 12-31-2003;89(2-3):145-154. View abstract.

Velluti, A. Sanchis, V. Ramos, A. J. Turon, C. and Marin, S. Impact of essential oils on growth rate, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol production by Fusarium graminearum under different temperature and water activity conditions in maize grain. J Appl.Microbiol. 2004;96(4):716-724. View abstract.

Vichi, S. Zitterl-Eglseer, K. Jugl, M. and Franz, C. Determination of the presence of antioxidants deriving from sage and oregano extracts added to animal fat by means of assessment of the radical scavenging capacity by photochemiluminescence analysis. Nahrung 2001;45(2):101-104. View abstract.

Vlachos, N. Skopelitis, Y. Psaroudaki, M. Konstantinidou, V. Chatzilazarou, A. and Tegou, E. Applications of Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy to edible oils. Anal.Chim.Acta 7-28-2006;573-574:459-465. View abstract.

Walter, B. M. and Bilkei, G. Immunostimulatory effect of dietary oregano etheric oils on lymphocytes from growth-retarded, low-weight growing-finishing pigs and productivity. Tijdschr.Diergeneeskd. 3-15-2004;129(6):178-181. View abstract.

Wieten, L. van der, Zee R. Goedemans, R. Sijtsma, J. Serafini, M. Lubsen, N. H. van Eden, W. and Broere, F. Hsp70 expression and induction as a readout for detection of immune modulatory components in food. Cell Stress.Chaperones. 2010;15(1):25-37. View abstract.

Xu, H. Delling, M. Jun, J. C. and Clapham, D. E. Oregano, thyme and clove-derived flavors and skin sensitizers activate specific TRP channels. Nat.Neurosci. 2006;9(5):628-635. View abstract.

Yang, Y. C. Lee, S. H. Clark, J. M. and Ahn, Y. J. Ovicidal and adulticidal activities of Origanum majorana essential oil constituents against insecticide-susceptible and pyrethroid/malathion-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae). J Agric.Food Chem. 3-25-2009;57(6):2282-2287. View abstract.

Yang, Y. Kayan, B. Bozer, N. Pate, B. Baker, C. and Gizir, A. M. Terpene degradation and extraction from basil and oregano leaves using subcritical water. J Chromatogr.A 6-8-2007;1152(1-2):262-267. View abstract.

Yano, Y. Satomi, M. and Oikawa, H. Antimicrobial effect of spices and herbs on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int.J Food Microbiol. 8-15-2006;111(1):6-11. View abstract.

Young, J. F. Stagsted, J. Jensen, S. K. Karlsson, A. H. and Henckel, P. Ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and oregano supplements reduce stress-induced deterioration of chicken meat quality. Poult.Sci. 2003;82(8):1343-1351. View abstract.

Zeytinoglu, H. Incesu, Z. and Baser, K. H. Inhibition of DNA synthesis by carvacrol in mouse myoblast cells bearing a human N-RAS oncogene. Phytomedicine. 2003;10(4):292-299. View abstract.

Akgul A, Kivanc M. Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi. Int J Food Microbiol 1988;6:263-8. View abstract.

Benito M, Jorro G, Morales C, et al. Labiatae allergy: systemic reactions due to ingestion of oregano and thyme. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1996;76:416-8. View abstract.

Braverman Y, Chizov-Ginzburg A. Repellency of synthetic and plant-derived preparations for Culicoides imicola. Med Vet Entomol 1997;11:355-60. View abstract.

Brune, M. Rossander, L. and Hallberg, L. Iron absorption and phenolic compounds: importance of different phenolic structures. Eur.J Clin Nutr 1989;43(8):547-557. View abstract.

Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine. 2nd ed. New York, NY: DK Publ, Inc. 2000.

Ciganda C, and Laborde A. Herbal infusions used for induced abortion. J Toxicol.Clin Toxicol. 2003;41:235-239. View abstract.

Daferera DJ, Ziogas BN, Polissiou MG. GC-MS analysis of essential oils from some Greek aromatic plants and their fungitoxicity on Penicillium digitatum. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:2576-81. View abstract.

Dorman HJ, Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol 2000;88:308-16. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid= 786bafc6f6343634fbf79fcdca7061e1&rgn=div5&view= text&node=21:3.0.1.1.13&idno=21

Force M, Sparks WS, Ronzio RA. Inhibition of enteric parasites by emulsified oil of oregano in vivo. Phytother Res 2000:14:213-4. View abstract.

Giordani R, Regli P, Kaloustian J, et al. Antifungal effect of various essential oils against Candida albicans. Potentiation of antifungal action of amphotericin B by essential oil from Thymus vulgaris. Phytother Res 2004;18:990-5. View abstract.

Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 1999;86:985-90. View abstract.

Kivanc M, Akgul A, Dogan A. Inhibitory and stimulatory effects of cumin, oregano and their essential oils on growth and acid production of Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Int J Food Microbiol 1991;13:81-5. View abstract.

Rodriguez M, Alvarez M, Zayas M. [Microbiological quality of spices consumed in Cuba]. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1991;33:149-51.

Ultee A, Gorris LG, Smid EJ. Bactericidal activity of carvacrol towards the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. J Appl Microbiol 1998;85:211-8. View abstract.

Ultee A, Kets EP, Smid EJ. Mechanisms of action of carvacrol on the food-borne pathogen Bacillus cereus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:4606-10. View abstract.

Vimalanathan S, Hudson J. Anti-influenza virus activities of commercial oregano oils and their carriers. J App Pharma Sci 2012;2:214.

Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M. Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1998;217:369-78. View abstract.

Aherne, S. A. Kerry, J. P. and O'Brien, N. M. Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells. Br.J Nutr 2007;97(2):321-328. View abstract.

Akhtar, Y. and Isman, M. B. Generalization of a habituated feeding deterrent response to unrelated antifeedants following prolonged exposure in a generalist herbivore, Trichoplusia ni. J Chem.Ecol. 2004;30(7):1349-1362. View abstract.

Aligiannis, N. Kalpoutzakis, E. Mitaku, S. and Chinou, I. B. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. J Agric.Food Chem. 2001;49(9):4168-4170. View abstract.

Allan, P. and Bilkei, G. Oregano improves reproductive performance of sows. Theriogenology 2005;63(3):716-721. View abstract.

Alma, M. H. Mavi, A. Yildirim, A. Digrak, M. and Hirata, T. Screening chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from Origanum syriacum L. growing in Turkey. Biol.Pharm.Bull. 2003;26(12):1725-1729. View abstract.

Amrik, B. and Bilkei, G. Influence of farm application of oregano on performances of sows. Can.Vet.J 2004;45(8):674-677. View abstract.

Antonio, C. M. Abriouel, H. Lopez, R. L. Omar, N. B. Valdivia, E. and Galvez, A. Enhanced bactericidal activity of enterocin AS-48 in combination with essential oils, natural bioactive compounds and chemical preservatives against Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat salad. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(9):2216-2223. View abstract.

Apostolidis, E. Kwon, Y. I. and Shetty, K. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by oregano, cranberry and sodium lactate combination in broth and cooked ground beef systems and likely mode of action through proline metabolism. Int J Food Microbiol. 12-10-2008;128(2):317-324. View abstract.

Arcila-Lozano, C. C. Loarca-Pina, G. Lecona-Uribe, S. and Gonzalez, de Mejia. [Oregano: properties, composition and biological activity]. Arch Latinoam.Nutr. 2004;54(1):100-111. View abstract.

Aristatile, B. Al Numair, K. S. Veeramani, C. and Pugalendi, K. V. Antihyperlipidemic effect of carvacrol on D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2009;20(1):15-27. View abstract.

Aristatile, B. Al Numair, K. S. Veeramani, C. and Pugalendi, K. V. Effect of carvacrol on hepatic marker enzymes and antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2009;23(6):757-765. View abstract.

Atrea, I. Papavergou, A. Amvrosiadis, I. and Savvaidis, I. N. Combined effect of vacuum-packaging and oregano essential oil on the shelf-life of Mediterranean octopus (Octopus vulgaris) from the Aegean Sea stored at 4 degrees C. Food Microbiol. 2009;26(2):166-172. View abstract.

Aydin, S. and Seker, E. Effect of an aqueous distillate of Origanum onites L. on isolated rat fundus, duodenum and ileum: evidence for the role of oxygenated monoterpenes. Pharmazie 2005;60(2):147-150. View abstract.

Azcan, N. Kara, M. Demirci, B. and Baser, K. H. Fatty acids of the seeds of Origanum onites L. and O. vulgare L. Lipids 2004;39(5):487-489. View abstract.

Bakkali, F. Averbeck, S. Averbeck, D. Zhiri, A. and Idaomar, M. Cytotoxicity and gene induction by some essential oils in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat.Res 8-1-2005;585(1-2):1-13. View abstract.

Bakkali, F. Averbeck, S. Averbeck, D. Zhiri, A. Baudoux, D. and Idaomar, M. Antigenotoxic effects of three essential oils in diploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) after treatments with UVC radiation, 8-MOP plus UVA and MMS. Mutat.Res 7-14-2006;606(1-2):27-38. View abstract.

Bampidis, V. A. Christodoulou, V. Florou-Paneri, P. and Christaki, E. Effect of dried oregano leaves versus neomycin in treating newborn calves with colibacillosis. J Vet.Med A Physiol Pathol.Clin Med 2006;53(3):154-156. View abstract.

Bampidis, V. A. Christodoulou, V. Florou-Paneri, P. Christaki, E. Chatzopoulou, P. S. Tsiligianni, T. and Spais, A. B. Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves on growth performance, carcase characteristics and serum cholesterol of female early maturing turkeys. Br.Poult.Sci. 2005;46(5):595-601. View abstract.

Bansleben, A. C. Schellenberg, I. Einax, J. W. Schaefer, K. Ulrich, D. and Bansleben, D. Chemometric tools for identification of volatile aroma-active compounds in oregano. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 2009;395(5):1503-1512. View abstract.

Barbosa, L. N. Rall, V. L. Fernandes, A. A. Ushimaru, P. I. da, Silva Probst, I, and Fernandes, A. Jr. Essential oils against foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria in minced meat. Foodborne.Pathog.Dis. 2009;6(6):725-728. View abstract.

Baser, K. H. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Curr.Pharm.Des 2008;14(29):3106-3119. View abstract.

Basilico, M. Z. and Basilico, J. C. Inhibitory effects of some spice essential oils on Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 growth and ochratoxin A production. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 1999;29(4):238-241. View abstract.

Becerril, R. Gomez-Lus, R. Goni, P. Lopez, P. and Nerin, C. Combination of analytical and microbiological techniques to study the antimicrobial activity of a new active food packaging containing cinnamon or oregano against E. coli and S. aureus. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 2007;388(5-6):1003-1011. View abstract.

Beddows, C. G. Jagait, C. and Kelly, M. J. Preservation of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil by herbs and spices. Int.J Food Sci.Nutr. 2000;51(5):327-339. View abstract.

Bentayeb, K. Vera, P. Rubio, C. and Nerin, C. Adaptation of the ORAC assay to the common laboratory equipment and subsequent application to antioxidant plastic films. Anal.Bioanal.Chem. 2009;394(3):903-910. View abstract.

Bhale, S. D. Xu, Z. Prinyawiwatkul, W. King, J. M. and Godber, J. S. Oregano and rosemary extracts inhibit oxidation of long-chain n-3 fatty acids in menhaden oil. J Food Sci. 2007;72(9):C504-C508. View abstract.

Bimczok, D. Rau, H. Sewekow, E. Janczyk, P. Souffrant, W. B. and Rothkotter, H. J. Influence of carvacrol on proliferation and survival of porcine lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Toxicol.In Vitro 2008;22(3):652-658. View abstract.

Blomhoff, R. [Antioxidants and oxidative stress]. Tidsskr.Nor Laegeforen. 6-17-2004;124(12):1643-1645. View abstract.

Bluma, R. Amaiden, M. R. Daghero, J. and Etcheverry, M. Control of Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin accumulation by plant essential oils. J Appl.Microbiol. 2008;105(1):203-214. View abstract.

Bosabalidis, A. Gabrieli, C. and Niopas, I. Flavone aglycones in glandular hairs of Origanum x intercedens. Phytochemistry 11-20-1998;49(6):1549-1553. View abstract.

Botsoglou, N. A. Florou-Paneri, P. Christaki, E. Fletouris, D. J. and Spais, A. B. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh and abdominal fat tissues. Br.Poult.Sci. 2002;43(2):223-230. View abstract.

Botsoglou, N. A. Florou-Paneri, P. Christaki, E. Giannenas, I. and Spais, A. B. Performance of rabbits and oxidative stability of muscle tissues as affected by dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil. Arch Anim Nutr. 2004;58(3):209-218. View abstract.

Botsoglou, N. A. Govaris, A. Botsoglou, E. N. Grigoropoulou, S. H. and Papageorgiou, G. Antioxidant activity of dietary oregano essential oil and alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation in long-term frozen stored turkey meat. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-7-2003;51(10):2930-2936. View abstract.

Botsoglou, N. A. Taitzoglou, I. A. Botsoglou, E. Lavrentiadou, S. N. Kokoli, A. N. and Roubies, N. Effect of long-term dietary administration of oregano on the alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. J Agric.Food Chem. 8-13-2008;56(15):6287-6293. View abstract.

Bouchra, C. Achouri, M. Idrissi Hassani, L. M. and Hmamouchi, M. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils of seven Moroccan Labiatae against Botrytis cinerea Pers: Fr. J Ethnopharmacol 2003;89(1):165-169. View abstract.

Bouhdid, S. Abrini, J. Zhiri, A. Espuny, M. J. and Manresa, A. Investigation of functional and morphological changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus cells induced by Origanum compactum essential oil. J Appl.Microbiol. 2009;106(5):1558-1568. View abstract.

Bozin, B. Mimica-Dukic, N. Simin, N. and Anackov, G. Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils. J Agric.Food Chem. 3-8-2006;54(5):1822-1828. View abstract.

Brandstetter, S. Berthold, C. Isnardy, B. Solar, S. and Elmadfa, I. Impact of gamma-irradiation on the antioxidative properties of sage, thyme, and oregano. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2009;47(9):2230-2235. View abstract.

Brieskorn, C. H. and Brunner, H. [The terpenoids of various origanum oils]. Planta Med 1967;Suppl-101. View abstract.

Bukovska, A. Cikos, S. Juhas, S. Il'kova, G. Rehak, P. and Koppel, J. Effects of a combination of thyme and oregano essential oils on TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Mediators.Inflamm. 2007;2007:23296. View abstract.

Burt, S. A. and Reinders, R. D. Antibacterial activity of selected plant essential oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2003;36(3):162-167. View abstract.

Burt, S. A. Halkes, S. B. and van Knapen, F. [Antibacterial activity and volatile oils: useful in foods and animal feed]. Tijdschr.Diergeneeskd. 11-1-2008;133(21):902-905. View abstract.

Burt, S. A. van der, Zee R. Koets, A. P. de Graaff, A. M. van Knapen, F. Gaastra, W. Haagsman, H. P. and Veldhuizen, E. J. Carvacrol induces heat shock protein 60 and inhibits synthesis of flagellin in Escherichia coli O157:H7. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 2007;73(14):4484-4490. View abstract.

Busquet, M. Calsamiglia, S. Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci. 2006;89(2):761-771. View abstract.

Caillet, S. Millette, M. Turgis, M. Salmieri, S. and Lacroix, M. Influence of antimicrobial compounds and modified atmosphere packaging on radiation sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes present in ready-to-use carrots (Daucus carota). J Food Prot. 2006;69(1):221-227. View abstract.

Caillet, S. Shareck, F. and Lacroix, M. Effect of gamma radiation and oregano essential oil on murein and ATP concentration of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Food Prot. 2005;68(12):2571-2579. View abstract.

Calucci, L. Pinzino, C. Zandomeneghi, M. Capocchi, A. Ghiringhelli, S. Saviozzi, F. Tozzi, S. and Galleschi, L. Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs and spices. J Agric.Food Chem 2-12-2003;51(4):927-934. View abstract.

Canbek, M. Uyanoglu, M. Bayramoglu, G. Senturk, H. Erkasap, N. Koken, T. Uslu, S. Demirustu, C. Aral, E. and Husnu Can, Baser K. Effects of carvacrol on defects of ischemia-reperfusion in the rat liver. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(6-7):447-452. View abstract.

Cardozo, P. W. Calsamiglia, S. Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. Effects of natural plant extracts on ruminal protein degradation and fermentation profiles in continuous culture. J Anim Sci. 2004;82(11):3230-3236. View abstract.

Cardozo, P. W. Calsamiglia, S. Ferret, A. and Kamel, C. Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci. 2005;83(11):2572-2579. View abstract.

Castillo, M. Martin-Orue, S. M. Roca, M. Manzanilla, E. G. Badiola, I. Perez, J. F. and Gasa, J. The response of gastrointestinal microbiota to avilamycin, butyrate, and plant extracts in early-weaned pigs. J Anim Sci. 2006;84(10):2725-2734. View abstract.

Cetin, H. Cilek, J. E. Aydin, L. and Yanikoglu, A. Acaricidal effects of the essential oil of Origanum minutiflorum (Lamiaceae) against Rhipicephalus turanicus (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet.Parasitol. 3-23-2009;160(3-4):359-361. View abstract.

Cetin, H. Erler, F. and Yanikoglu, A. A comparative evaluation of Origanum onites essential oil and its four major components as larvicides against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. Pest.Manag.Sci. 2007;63(8):830-833. View abstract.

Cetin, H. Erler, F. and Yanikoglu, A. Toxicity of essential oils extracted from Origanum onites L. and Citrus aurentium L. against the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. Folia Biol.(Krakow.) 2006;54(3-4):153-157. View abstract.

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Chanotiya, C. S. and Yadav, A. Enantiomeric composition of (3R)-(-)- and (3S)-(+)-linalool in various essential oils of Indian origin by enantioselective capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization and mass spectrometry detection methods. Nat.Prod.Commun. 2009;4(4):563-566. View abstract.

Chaouki, W. Leger, D. Y. Eljastimi, J. Beneytout, J. L. and Hmamouchi, M. Antiproliferative effect of extracts from Aristolochia baetica and Origanum compactum on human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Pharm.Biol. 2010;48(3):269-274. View abstract.

Chouliara, E. Karatapanis, A. Savvaidis, I. N. and Kontominas, M. G. Combined effect of oregano essential oil and modified atmosphere packaging on shelf-life extension of fresh chicken breast meat, stored at 4 degrees C. Food Microbiol. 2007;24(6):607-617. View abstract.

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Cosge, B. Turker, A. Ipek, A. and Gurbuz, B. Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of the essential oils from aerial parts and corollas of Origanum acutidens (Hand.-Mazz.) Ietswaart, an endemic species to Turkey. Molecules. 2009;14(5):1702-1712. View abstract.

Coskun, S. Girisgin, O. Kurkcuoglu, M. Malyer, H. Girisgin, A. O. Kirimer, N. and Baser, K. H. Acaricidal efficacy of Origanum onites L. essential oil against Rhipicephalus turanicus (Ixodidae). Parasitol.Res 2008;103(2):259-261. View abstract.

Cross, D. E. McDevitt, R. M. Hillman, K. and Acamovic, T. The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Br.Poult.Sci. 2007;48(4):496-506. View abstract.

Dadalioglu, I. and Evrendilek, G. A. Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens. J Agric.Food Chem. 12-29-2004;52(26):8255-8260. View abstract.

Dambolena, J. S. Zunino, M. P. Lucini, E. I. Olmedo, R. Banchio, E. Bima, P. J. and Zygadlo, J. A. Total phenolic content, radical scavenging properties, and essential oil composition of origanum species from different populations. J Agric.Food Chem. 1-27-2010;58(2):1115-1120. View abstract.

De Martino, L. De, Feo, V, and Nazzaro, F. Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and mutagenic activities of seven Lamiaceae essential oils. Molecules. 2009;14(10):4213-4230. View abstract.

De Martino, L. De, Feo, V, Formisano, C. Mignola, E. and Senatore, F. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from three chemotypes of Origanum vulgare L. ssp. hirtum (Link) Ietswaart growing wild in Campania (Southern Italy). Molecules. 2009;14(8):2735-2746. View abstract.

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Demirci, F. Paper, D. H. Franz, G. and Baser, K. H. Investigation of the Origanum onites L. essential oil using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. J Agric.Food Chem. 1-28-2004;52(2):251-254. View abstract.

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Dorman, H. J. Bachmayer, O. Kosar, M. and Hiltunen, R. Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from selected lamiaceae species grown in Turkey. J Agric.Food Chem. 2-25-2004;52(4):762-770. View abstract.

Du, W. X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. McHugh, T. H. Levin, C. E. and Friedman, M. Antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7, physical properties, and storage stability of novel carvacrol-containing edible tomato films. J Food Sci. 2008;73(7):M378-M383. View abstract.

Du, W. X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. McHugh, T. H. Levin, C. E. and Friedman, M. Storage stability and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7 of carvacrol in edible apple films made by two different casting methods. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-14-2008;56(9):3082-3088. View abstract.

Du, W. X. Olsen, C. W. Avena-Bustillos, R. J. McHugh, T. H. Levin, C. E. Mandrell, R. and Friedman, M. Antibacterial effects of allspice, garlic, and oregano essential oils in tomato films determined by overlay and vapor-phase methods. J Food Sci. 2009;74(7):M390-M397. View abstract.

Dundar, E. Olgun, E. G. Isiksoy, S. Kurkcuoglu, M. Baser, K. H. and Bal, C. The effects of intra-rectal and intra-peritoneal application of Origanum onites L. essential oil on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in the rat. Exp Toxicol.Pathol. 2008;59(6):399-408. View abstract.

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Exarchou, V. Godejohann, M. van Beek, T. A. Gerothanassis, I. P. and Vervoort, J. LC-UV-solid-phase extraction-NMR-MS combined with a cryogenic flow probe and its application to the identification of compounds present in Greek oregano. Anal.Chem. 11-15-2003;75(22):6288-6294. View abstract.

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Firouzi, R. Shekarforoush, S. S. Nazer, A. H. Borumand, Z. and Jooyandeh, A. R. Effects of essential oils of oregano and nutmeg on growth and survival of Yersinia enterocolitica and Listeria monocytogenes in barbecued chicken. J Food Prot. 2007;70(11):2626-2630. View abstract.

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Ghalfi, H. Benkerroum, N. Doguiet, D. D. Bensaid, M. and Thonart, P. Effectiveness of cell-adsorbed bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus curvatus CWBI-B28 and selected essential oils to control Listeria monocytogenes in pork meat during cold storage. Lett.Appl.Microbiol. 2007;44(3):268-273. View abstract.

Giannenas, I. Florou-Paneri, P. Papazahariadou, M. Christaki, E. Botsoglou, N. A. and Spais, A. B. Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Arch Tierernahr. 2003;57(2):99-106. View abstract.

Giatrakou, V. Kykkidou, S. Papavergou, A. Kontominas, M. G. and Savvaidis, I. N. Potential of oregano essential oil and MAP to extend the shelf life of fresh swordfish: a comparative study with ice storage. J Food Sci. 2008;73(4):M167-M173. View abstract.

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Govaris, A. Botsoglou, N. Papageorgiou, G. Botsoglou, E. and Ambrosiadis, I. Dietary versus post-mortem use of oregano oil and/or alpha-tocopherol in turkeys to inhibit development of lipid oxidation in meat during refrigerated storage. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2004;55(2):115-123. View abstract.

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Handl, S. Hellweg, P. Khol-Parisini, A. Rossmann, B. Thurner, K. Luf, W. Novak, J. and Zentek, J. Effect of oregano (O. majorana x O. vulgare) on performance and antioxidative capacity of quails fed a diet rich in omega3 fatty acids. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008;92(3):242-245. View abstract.

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Henning, S. M. Zhang, Y. Seeram, N. P. Lee, R. P. Wang, P. Bowerman, S. and Heber, D. Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical content of herbs and spices in dry, fresh and blended herb paste form. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011;62(3):219-225. View abstract.

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Inouye, S. Uchida, K. and Abe, S. Volatile composition and vapour activity against Trichophyton metnagrophytes of 36 aromatic herbs cultivated in Chichibu district in Japan. Int J Aromatherapy 2006;16(3-4):159-168.

Inouye, S. Uchida, K. Nishiyama, Y. Hasumi, Y. Yamaguchi, H. and Abe, S. Combined effect of heat, essential oils and salt on fungicidal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes in a foot bath. Nippon Ishinkin.Gakkai Zasshi 2007;48(1):27-36. View abstract.

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Ismail, S. A. Dea, T. Abd El-Rahman, H. Yassien, M. A. and Beuchat, L. R. Effectiveness of immersion treatments with acids, trisodium phosphate, and herb decoctions in reducing populations of Yarrowia lipolytica and naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms on raw chicken. Int.J Food Microbiol. 2-28-2001;64(1-2):13-19. View abstract.

Ivanova, D. Gerova, D. Chervenkov, T. and Yankova, T. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of Bulgarian medicinal plants. J Ethnopharmacol 1-4-2005;96(1-2):145-150. View abstract.

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Jimenez-Alvarez, D. Giuffrida, F. Golay, P. A. Cotting, C. Lardeau, A. and Keely, B. J. Antioxidant activity of oregano, parsley, and olive mill wastewaters in bulk oils and oil-in-water emulsions enriched in fish oil. J Agric.Food Chem. 8-27-2008;56(16):7151-7159. View abstract.

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Johnson, C. B. Kazantzis, A. Skoula, M. Mitteregger, U. and Novak, J. Seasonal, populational and ontogenic variation in the volatile oil content and composition of individuals of Origanum vulgare subsp. Hirtum, assessed by GC headspace analysis and by SPME sampling of individual oil glands. Phytochem.Anal. 2004;15(5):286-292. View abstract.

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Juneja, V. K. Thippareddi, H. and Friedman, M. Control of Clostridium perfringens in cooked ground beef by carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, or oregano oil during chilling. J Food Prot. 2006;69(7):1546-1551. View abstract.

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Kapiszewska, M. Soltys, E. Visioli, F. Cierniak, A. and Zajac, G. The protective ability of the Mediterranean plant extracts against the oxidative DNA damage. The role of the radical oxygen species and the polyphenol content. J Physiol Pharmacol 2005;56 Suppl 1:183-197. View abstract.

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Lin, S. P. Tsai, S. Y. Lin, Y. L. Kuo, S. C. Hou, Y. C. and Chao, P. D. Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of 4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, an antioxidant isolated from Origanum vulgare. J Agric.Food Chem. 4-23-2008;56(8):2852-2856. View abstract.

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Loboda, A. Cisowski, J. Zarebski, A. Jazwa, A. Riviera, Nunez D. Kypriotakis, Z. Heinrich, M. and Dulak, J. Effects of plant extracts on angiogenic activities of endothelial cells and keratinocytes. J Physiol Pharmacol 2005;56 Suppl 1:125-137. View abstract.

Lopez, A. G. Theumer, M. G. Zygadlo, J. A. and Rubinstein, H. R. Aromatic plants essential oils activity on Fusarium verticillioides Fumonisin B(1) production in corn grain. Mycopathologia 2004;158(3):343-349. View abstract.

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Preuss, H. G. Echard, B. Dadgar, A. Talpur, N. Manohar, V. Enig, M. Bagchi, D. and Ingram, C. Effects of Essential Oils and Monolaurin on Staphylococcus aureus: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Toxicol.Mech.Methods 2005;15(4):279-285. View abstract.

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Rodrigues, M. R. Krause, L. C. Caramao, E. B. dos Santos, J. G. Dariva, C. and Vladimir, de Oliveira. Chemical composition and extraction yield of the extract of Origanum vulgare obtained from sub- and supercritical CO2. J Agric.Food Chem. 5-19-2004;52(10):3042-3047. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Meizoso, I. Marin, F. R. Herrero, M. Senorans, F. J. Reglero, G. Cifuentes, A. and Ibanez, E. Subcritical water extraction of nutraceuticals with antioxidant activity from oregano. Chemical and functional characterization. J Pharm.Biomed.Anal. 8-28-2006;41(5):1560-1565. View abstract.

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Salah, S. M. and Jager, A. K. Screening of traditionally used Lebanese herbs for neurological activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2-10-2005;97(1):145-149. View abstract.

Salerno, G. Guarrera, P. M. and Caneva, G. Agricultural, domestic and handicraft folk uses of plants in the Tyrrhenian sector of Basilicata (Italy). J Ethnobiol.Ethnomed. 2005;1:2. View abstract.

Salgueiro, L. R. Cavaleiro, C. Pinto, E. Pina-Vaz, C. Rodrigues, A. G. Palmeira, A. Tavares, C. Costa-de-Oliveira, S. Goncalves, M. J. and Martinez-de-Oliveira, J. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Origanum virens on Candida species. Planta Med 2003;69(9):871-874. View abstract.

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Santoro, G. F. das Gracas, Cardoso M. Guimaraes, L. G. Salgado, A. P. Menna-Barreto, R. F. and Soares, M. J. Effect of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oils on Trypanosoma cruzi (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) growth and ultrastructure. Parasitol.Res 2007;100(4):783-790. View abstract.

Santoyo, S. Cavero, S. Jaime, L. Ibanez, E. Senorans, F. J. and Reglero, G. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with antimicrobial activity from Origanum vulgare L. determination of optimal extraction parameters. J Food Prot. 2006;69(2):369-375. View abstract.

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Siatis, N. G. Kimbaris, A. C. Pappas, C. S. Tarantilis, P. A. Daferera, D. J. and Polissiou, M. G. Rapid method for simultaneous quantitative determination of four major essential oil components from oregano (Oreganumsp.) and thyme (Thymus sp.) using FT-Raman spectroscopy. J Agric.Food Chem. 1-26-2005;53(2):202-206. View abstract.

Skandamis, P. N. and Nychas, G. J. Development and evaluation of a model predicting the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 in homemade eggplant salad at various temperatures, pHs, and oregano essential oil concentrations. Appl.Environ.Microbiol. 2000;66(4):1646-1653. View abstract.

Skandamis, P. N. and Nychas, G. J. Effect of oregano essential oil on microbiological and physico-chemical attributes of minced meat stored in air and modified atmospheres. J Appl.Microbiol. 2001;91(6):1011-1022. View abstract.

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